UK and US Decline to Sign Global AI Agreement Amid Governance Concerns

The United Kingdom and the United States have opted out of signing an international agreement on artificial intelligence (AI) at the Paris AI Action Summit, citing national security and governance concerns. The agreement, endorsed by 60 nations including France, China, and India, promotes a transparent, ethical, and inclusive approach to AI development.

The UK government stated that while it aligns with many aspects of the declaration, it chose not to sign due to a lack of clarity on global governance and insufficient provisions addressing AI’s national security implications. Similarly, US Vice President JD Vance emphasised the importance of prioritising economic growth over excessive regulations, warning that stringent policies could stifle AI innovation.

French President Emmanuel Macron took a contrasting stance, arguing that regulatory measures are necessary for AI to advance responsibly. The summit also saw discussions on AI’s environmental impact, marking the first time the issue of AI energy consumption was formally addressed at such a global forum.

Debate Over AI Policy Direction Intensifies

The UK’s decision has sparked debate among industry leaders and policymakers. Andrew Dudfield, head of AI at fact-checking organisation Full Fact, warned that refusing to sign could undermine the UK’s credibility in AI safety leadership, particularly following the AI Safety Summit hosted by former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak in 2023.

On the other hand, UKAI, a trade association representing AI businesses, supported the government’s stance. CEO Tim Flagg suggested that the refusal to sign reflects a pragmatic approach, ensuring AI policy remains flexible and aligned with economic priorities. He also highlighted concerns over balancing AI innovation with energy consumption challenges.

Despite not signing the Paris agreement, the UK government confirmed its commitment to AI sustainability and cybersecurity through other agreements at the summit. Officials reiterated that the decision was based on national interest rather than external influence, as the UK navigates its AI strategy while maintaining diplomatic and trade relationships with key global players.